Sem 1, 2024/25:

Welcome!

Upcoming

Intro to Thinking Historically and Becoming a Fact Checker

History vocab you should know:

• inferences (reading between the lines – figuring out what the evidence is telling you – making an educated guess or prediction)
• evidence (things from the past (objects = artefacts and documents))
• corroboration (confirmation, backup of a source)
• context (the surrounding environment, situation, circumstances).

Maya Inquiry

This semester we’ll be starting with an inquiry into the Mayan civilization using material objects from the collection of the British Museum via Google Arts and Culture. The best way to start a history course is to jump in and INQUIRE! This year we’ll be focusing on the importance of primary sources in history.

Email for link to Maya Inquiry (risa@cabal.org)

https://artsandculture.google.com/project/exploring-the-maya-world

To find out about inquiry:

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1z1Pwfu5_T_9WNETBt_NohQnjlczaNkfcqo0afIgbFBI/edit?usp=sharing

See google classroom for further tips on Inquiry

Critical Thinking and Criteria

A critical thinker is someone who examines their thoughts and opinions and those of others. It doesn’t mean they’re necessarily negative; it means they don’t accept things at face value without deeper consideration.

In history class, one of the most important aspects of critical thinking is using criteria. Criteria are the things people use to help make good decisions. For example, every day you get dressed (presumably in the morning). You must have some decision-making standards, even if you haven’t thought about them consciously, for what to choose to wear. Criteria could include the weather, the tasks for the day, what is clean at the moment, your mood, what colour you feel like wearing, etc.

In history class, using criteria will help us structure our thoughts about the societies we are studying. Doing this will help us avoid jumping to judgement (or just blabbing our personal opinions!) without deep thought. Since we’ll do a lot of research, we can similarly use criteria to help organize and interpret the research findings.

Let’s put some structure into our thinking!

Here’s a little tip: avoid fuzzy words (words that need criteria in order to define them):

• good
• great
• bad
• okay

What do they actually mean???

CRITERIA in Action

In Historical Thinking we’ll use criteria to determine significance. It can be a fuzzy word if you don’t know what determines significance.

We need a basis for determining what is significant.

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Visible Thinking

As we learn to think critically (meaning we examine things, not we criticize things), these tools might be of use. They are from Visible Thinking, part of Harvard University’s Project Zero. In short, they are to help students develop useful and critical thinking routines and processes by reflecting and purposefully delineating (visibly identifying) that thinking.

1. A good reflection to start with, especially after you’ve learned something new and/or surprising, is “I used to think … Now I think.” Directly identifying what has changed in your thought process is a great introduction to critical thinking. It also helps you to think about change itself, one of the HTCs. Source

2. A good next step is to become a good questioner. Asking good questions is just as important as answering questions. That might surprise you! “Creative Question Starts” asks students to brainstorm 12 questions on a topic. There are some criteria for good questions, such as they are meant to probe thinking, not just to identify facts. Asking for 12 questions also helps students see that a topic can be very broad. There are always many angles to consider. As thinking on a topic becomes deeper (with research), questions should change and get deeper too. Source

3. As our thinking becomes more complex, we will run into systems. That could be the way a government worked in a society, the way a society was organized (social hierarchy or the evil triangle), the way an empire worked to extract resources from its colonies, etc. If we examine these systems in detail (we take them apart), we can get a better, deeper understanding of how they worked (or didn’t work, or worked for some, failed for others). “Parts, Perspectives, and Me” is a great tool. Source

4. To further deepen this system thinking, we can use “Parts, People, Interactions.“ Here the questions are slightly different, with more focus on the people in the systems and how they might be affected by changes. There are obvious ties to HTCs here, such as through historical perspectives, and intended and unintended consequences. Source

PERSIAT(E)

PERSIAT is an acronym for categories that we use to study a society from the bottom up, rather than the top down;  it allows us to look at all of society, not just the powerful people, and determine what life was like. We could add another E to the end to look at environment.

P  political (government, power, decision-making)

E economic (trade, barter, money, industries, basis of the economy – overlaps with classes which is in social)

R religious

S social (relations between people, groups of people, social hierarchy [classes, status, occupations that overlap with power], gender, identities/orientations, classes, ethnicity/race) – usually the biggest category

I intellectual (ideas, philosophies, innovations overlaps with technological)

A artistic

T technological

E Environmental

 

We also must consider internal and external factors that affect a society when doing “PERSIAT or PERSIATE”.

Becoming a Fact-Checker

While you research Mayan civilization, you’ll learn about how to become a good fact checker from Ctrl-F. It’s not hard. If you practice, it will become a habit. A fact checker doesn’t just trust a source (e.g., a website) because it’s on the internet. They make sure the information is correct, often by checking other sources.

Historical Thinking Concepts

• Historical Thinking Concepts – see the package on the HTC section of the blog or under HTC in google classroom (there are videos, too)
• when we use HTCs we are doing disciplinary thinking – we’re thinking like historians. That’s very important for “how to history”.

CONTEXT

Context = background: What’s going on in a society (in PERSIAT) in the time period you’re studying. It’s crucial to have context in order to take proper historical perspectives. 

For example, if future historians are studying the 2020s in world history they will absolutely need to know context such as the pandemic or the sudden surge in AI. Otherwise there’s a huge hole in understanding our way of life at this time and the things that have affected it.

Archaeology is not our focus this semester but …

Archaeology words:

excavation

preserve

Archaeology Ripped from the Headlines

Oldest cave art found in Sulawesi (2021)

7000-year old Cheese

Archaeologist who used beetles to unlock past

Archaeologists in the Yukon find a Remarkably Intact Dart Lost by an Indigenous Hunter 1,000 Years Ago

Ancient Church Hidden in Turkish Lake. And a Pagan Temple May Lie Beneath It.

Frink’s Dig (optional – an assignment from Scott Pollock)

• how does archaeology contribute to history?
  • archaeologists unearth or uncover objects (artefacts) from the past

Read the handouts and look at the two diagrams and identify:

• logical interpretations
• evidence (artifacts) to back them up
• Interpretations:
  • green light – pretty sure (probable)
  • yellow light – might be true (possible)
  • red light – not really sure (might, could) – we are going to practice using the language of NON-certainty regarding organized religion, trade, class structure, job specialization

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Paleolithic Life

Skills: interpretation of artefacts, making inferences, annotating handouts

Is this your impression of paleolithic life? I hope not. What you see below is evidence from paleolithic societies. New discoveries are being made all the time in the study of this era in world history.

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Paleolithic Key words:

• communal
• barter
• hunter-gatherer
• nomadic
• resourceful

Task: Annotate the following handout.  CHW3M_Paleolithic_Society_Overview

How to Annotate – watch these videos if you don’t know how:

• Annotating Text
• How to Annotate a Text

Intro_to_Paleo_2020-21 (PPT)

• Reindeer carving – artifact interpretation helps us make inferences about paleolithic life (since the paleolithic people didn’t leave written records to tell us their thoughts).  

TASK : Using pages 31-34 in the textbook, fill in the PERSIAT chart for Paleolithic society. Ms G pre-made a chart template for you. 

CHW3M Unit 1 PERSIAT chart for Paleolithic Society

Note-Taking

• the main goal of note-taking is to get the main ideas and the important details (examples) to support them
• if you don’t record details, then it’s all very general and Paleolithic society could sound a lot like any other society
  • there should be very specific artefacts (objects) named in your notes
    • caution – don’t copy the book word-for-word

Note: there may be some disagreement on which PERSIAT category to put information in. Some details could go in multiple categories.

Do you think any of the following apply to paleolithic people?

innovative, improved, inventive, intuitive, ingenious, adaptive, creative, resourceful?

Key Characteristics of Paleolithic Life: 

• nomadic
• hunter-gatherers
• communal (band)
• artistic
• supernatural beliefs
• trade/barter with outsiders

Paleolithic Videos: 

Paleolithic art video (National Geographic), Chauvet caves art video (BBC), 360 view of Lascaux video (NY Times), virtual tour of Lascaux video (vimeo), retrieving a paleolithic skull in Mexico video (PBS).

Paleolithic Roles:

TASK: Fill in roles worksheet. For gender, most is speculation. For group, it’s either the larger band or the smaller family group. Roles_Paleolithic_Chart

Red, yellow, green? (Unsure, possible, for sure)

Transitioning to Neolithic Society

Minds On: Why don’t we live the paleolithic lifestyle today?

Task: In groups, do the Jarmo classification exercise. Jarmo Classification Exercise

• divide the objects into as many categories as possible
  • you do not need to say what goes into each category

After, decide if the people of Jarmo were paleolithic? If not, make two hypotheses about them.

Characteristics of Neolithic Society

1. they were stationary/settled (non-nomadic)
2. they had agriculture (control of plants)/farming
3. they domesticated animals (bred and raised animals for human purposes)

• they also had art, traded (bartered) and were resourceful, just like paleolithic people; they were probably less communal (as we saw through the Emergence of Agriculture  = advantages and disadvantages)

Emergence of Agriculture (in handouts): make sure you know that agriculture came with consequences, both positive and negative. Emergence of Agriculture chart without answers

TASK Using pages 35-36 in textbook, make a PERSIAT chart for Neolithic society. CHW3M Unit 1 PERSIAT chart for Neolithic Society

OLD Unit Culminating Activity – (“How to History” formal academic paragraph)

See side page for all tips, rubrics, the outline, websites and instructions.